Jakarta, Indonesia Sentinel — Perimenopause can be interpreted as “around menopause,” is the phase where a woman’s body transitions to menopause, marking the end of the reproductive years. Known as the menopausal transition, it can last anywhere from 4 to 10 years before menopause occurs.
Women enter perimenopause at varying ages, typically beginning in their 40s, though some may notice changes as early as their mid-30s. During this time, a woman’s estrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate unpredictably, causing various symptoms. While this is a natural part of aging, the changes associated with perimenopause can sometimes be disruptive.
What Happens During Perimenopause?
During perimenopause, the level of estrogen—the primary female hormone—rises and falls unevenly. This can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, with periods becoming shorter or longer, and lighter or heavier. Ovulation, when the ovaries release an egg, may also become less predictable.
Many women experience menopause-like symptoms such as hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and vaginal dryness, all caused by the hormonal shifts. Treatments are available to help manage these symptoms.
Once a woman has gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period, she is officially in menopause, signaling the end of the perimenopausal phase.
Common Symptoms of Perimenopause
During perimenopause, women may experience a range of symptoms, including:
- Irregular periods: The timing of periods may vary, with longer or shorter cycles and varying flow levels. If you notice a change of seven days or more in your menstrual cycle, you could be in early perimenopause. A gap of 60 days or more between periods indicates late perimenopause.
- Hot flashes and sleep problems: Hot flashes are one of the most common symptoms of perimenopause, with varying intensity, duration, and frequency. Sleep problems may occur due to hot flashes or night sweats, although sleep can be unpredictable even without these symptoms.
- Mood changes: Mood swings, irritability, and an increased risk of depression may accompany perimenopause. These changes may stem from sleep disruptions caused by hot flashes or other factors not directly related to hormone fluctuations.
- Vaginal and bladder issues: As estrogen levels drop, vaginal tissues may become drier and less elastic, potentially leading to painful intercourse. The risk of urinary or vaginal infections may also increase, and reduced tissue tone can contribute to urinary incontinence.
- Decreased fertility: While fertility declines during perimenopause, pregnancy is still possible as long as you are menstruating. It’s important to use birth control if you wish to avoid pregnancy until you’ve had no periods for 12 consecutive months.
- Changes in sexual function: Sexual desire and arousal may fluctuate during perimenopause, though those who had satisfying sexual relationships before menopause are likely to maintain that into and beyond this phase.
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When to See a Doctor
For some women, perimenopausal symptoms can significantly interfere with daily life. If this is the case, it’s important to consult a doctor. Additionally, you should seek medical attention if you experience any of the following menstrual irregularities:
- Vaginal bleeding after intercourse
- Extremely heavy periods (such as needing to change pads every hour)
- Passing blood clots during menstruation
- Bleeding between periods
Can Perimenopause Be Prevented?
Perimenopause is a normal stage of life for all women, and there is no way to prevent it. However, steps can be taken to delay its onset. These include:
- Eating a balanced and nutritious diet
- Avoiding alcohol and caffeine
- Exercising regularly
- Quitting or avoiding smoking
While perimenopause is inevitable, understanding the symptoms and seeking appropriate treatment can help women navigate this natural transition more comfortably.
(Raidi/Agung)
