Bandung, IndonesiaSentinel.com — Sumedang Larang kingdom in West Java, Indonesia, boasts a rich and extensive history dating back to the 8th century. Throughout its existence, the kingdom underwent several name changes and experienced three distinct periods of power.
Origins in the Sunda-Galuh Kingdom
The early history of Sumedang Larang traces back to the Sunda-Galuh Kingdom, which followed Hindu traditions. Initially known as Tembong Agung, the kingdom was established in the 8th century by Prabu Aji Putih under the order of Prabu Suryadewata. Its capital was located in Citembong Karang, a region that is now part of Sumedang Regency.
When Prabu Aji Putih’s son, Prabu Tajimalela, ascended to the throne, he renamed the kingdom Himbar Buana, meaning “illuminating the universe.” Prabu Tajimalela is remembered for his famous declaration, “Insun medal, insun madangan,” meaning “I was born, I illuminate.” The phrase “Sumedang” is derived from “Insun madangan,” which evolved into “sun madang” and eventually became “Sumedang.”
From its inception as Tembong Agung to its transformation into Sumedang Larang, the kingdom remained a vassal state of the Sunda-Galuh Kingdom, which later merged to form the Pajajaran Kingdom.
Becoming an Independent Islamic Kingdom
By the mid-16th century, Islam began to influence Sumedang Larang’s governance. Ratu Pucuk Umun, who ruled the kingdom, had converted to Islam and governed alongside her husband, Pangeran Santri, also known as Ki Gedeng Sumedang.
Following the collapse of the Pajajaran Kingdom due to an attack by the Banten Sultanate, Ratu Pucuk Umun’s son, Pangeran Angkawijaya, took over the leadership. Under his reign, and with the title Prabu Geusan Ulun, Sumedang Larang declared itself the rightful successor of the Pajajaran Kingdom, establishing itself as a sovereign Islamic kingdom.
Prabu Geusan Ulun’s reign marked the height of Sumedang Larang’s power, with its territory encompassing nearly all of West Java, except for the regions under the control of the Banten and Cirebon sultanates.
Transition to a Regency Under the Mataram Sultanate
In 1601, Prabu Geusan Ulun abdicated, and his son, Prabu Suriadiwangsa, assumed power as the last ruler of Sumedang Larang. By 1620, the kingdom was incorporated into the Mataram Sultanate, and its status was reduced to that of a regency. The royal title of “king” was downgraded to “adipati” (regent), as Sumedang became a strategic defense area for Mataram against Banten and the Dutch.
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Cultural Heritage of Sumedang Larang Kingdom
Today, Sumedang remains a regency and preserves its historical heritage in the Prabu Geusan Ulun Museum. The museum houses various artifacts from the Sumedang Larang Kingdom, including:
- The Binokasih Crown
- Royal regalia
- Sacred weapons
- Ancient manuscripts
- Musical instruments
The legacy of Sumedang Larang continues to resonate through these artifacts and the stories passed down through generations.
(Ray)
